Selasa, 06 Juli 2010

Online RN to BSN Program



Online RN to BSN Program

Posted: 05 Jul 2010 07:33 PM PDT

Choosing an Online RN to BSN Program

By Jennifer Bender, RN, MSN, FNP-C

You've decided to take that next step in your nursing career and earn your Bachelor's degree. The good news is that there has never been a better time to increase your earning potential and enhance your nursing skills. Generally speaking, RNs with a Bachelor's degree will always have better job opportunities than those without. Earning your Bachelor's degree will help you expand your opportunities in different work settings and move into leadership roles, in addition to building on your understanding of the science and theory behind nursing.

The research shows that finding the time to complete an RN to BSN program while continuing to work and support yourself and your family is a significant challenge, and is one that many people are unable to manage. Nursing schools are aware of this too, and many have developed online programs in order to attract and educate working RNs who want to advance their career.

Distance learning engages adult learners in a way that no other form of higher education has been able to do. There are many benefits. Online programs offer convenience, flexibility and around-the-clock access. Students don't need to commute to class, pay for daycare or take time away from work to attend.

The overall number of online education programs available to US students has been growing rapidly since the late 1990s. In 1997, there were over 1.3 million enrollments in college-level distance learning courses for credit. Today, over 3.5 million students are reaping the benefits of an online education. This steady growth of online class enrollment has proven without a doubt that it is a viable way to obtain higher education.

But, with all the educational options out there, how do you choose the best online nursing program for yourself?

Accreditation

To find a reputable online nursing program, you have to do your research. Online RN to BSN programs are plentiful, but not all programs are created equal. One important thing to determine is whether the online degree program and school are accredited. Accreditation is a process through which schools can demonstrate that their online degree programs meet national education standards for quality and integrity. Accreditation is voluntary, but reputable schools always participate to assure their own success.

Legitimate accrediting agencies are those recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) and/or the U.S. Department of Education. The largest nursing accreditation organizations in the U.S. are the National League of Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) and The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).

Always check with the school in question before moving ahead with your application process. Even if the school says they are accredited, ask about your degree program specifically, because accreditation is done on a program by program basis, and other programs at the school may be accredited, while your specific program may not be. The accreditation status of the school and the program you choose will affect your licensing eligibility, course credit transferability, and future educational options.

Characteristics of Successful Online Students

Studies have demonstrated that the most successful distance learning students possess a specific set of qualities, learning goals and preferences. Learning online requires students to be responsible, self-directed, and motivated. Online learners must shift their approach from passive recipient, as they might be in a classroom setting, to active learner, assuming responsibility for their own learning progression. Independence, effective time management skills, and the discipline to study without external reminders are all characteristics of these students. You must be able to assess your own learning style and use it to develop a plan for how you're going to complete the work successfully.

Communication

Since most communication will be done electronically, either by email or online discussion forums, the online student must be able to communicate effectively using those methods. In surveys, some online students expressed a feeling of disconnectedness from faculty and fellow students, and wished for more face-to-face meetings instead. The research also indicates that many students experience anxiety over delayed responses from their instructors, especially regarding assignment that are nearing their due date. It's best to ask your questions about an assignment early, to avoid delaying your final submissions.

Questions you should ask the school include:

• How accessible with the instructors be?

• Will you be able to contact them by email?

• How long might you have to wait for a response from them?

However, you should also keep in mind that most online degree programs do require a campus visit during the last semester of the program, so it is likely you will have a chance to meet your professors and fellow students face to face.

Technology

An adequate understanding of computers and basic software programs (like browsers and word processors) is a must. The technology you will be expected to use during your online degree program needs to be reliable, accessible, and user friendly. You should ask yourself whether you have the knowledge, skills and comfort with computers to minimize your feelings of frustration or anxiety, support productive use of your time, and enhance your chances of success.

Questions you should ask the school include:

• Is technical support available 24/7?

• Is there more than one way to contact tech support if needed (email, phone)?

• Is there a free online course demo available?

If there's an online demo available for your program, try it out so you can get an idea of both the usability of the school's online format and how well the program materials will be presented to you. If you can easily follow the demo and interact with it as required, you'll probably feel comfortable taking the rest of the program online.

The Bottom Line

Beginning an RN-to-BSN program is a great way to increase your long term earning potential and start moving into leadership positions. There are a number of things to research and consider before you sign up for an online BSN program, but by carefully assessing your learning preferences and objectives, and choosing a school and a program that suit your needs, you'll be taking a big step towards successfully obtaining the degree.

Reference List

U.S. Department of Education (1999). Distance Education at Postsecondary Education Institutions: 1997-98. [On-line]. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2000/2000013.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2008.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections. (2006). Occupational Employment, Training, and Earnings: Postsecondary-education or Training Category Report. [On-line]. Available:http://data.bls.gov/oep/servlet/oep.noeted.servlet.ActionServlet. Accessed September 25, 2008.

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2007). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2008-09 Edition: Registered Nurses. [On-line]. Available:http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos083.htm. Accessed September 25, 2008.

Kearns, L.E., Shoaf, J.R., Summey, M.B. (2004). Performance and Satisfaction of Second-Degree BSN Students in Web-Based and Traditional Course Delivery Environments. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(6), 280-284.

Mancuso-Murphy, J. (2007). Distance Education in Nursing: An Integrated Review of Online Nursing Students' Experiences with Technology-Delivered Instruction. Journal of Nursing Education, 46(6), 252-260.

O'Neil, C., Fisher, C. (2008). Should I Take this Course Online? Journal of Nursing Education, 47(2), 53-58.

About The Author

Jennifer Bender is a Registered Nurse with a Master's Degree in Nursing and a certification as a Family Nurse Practitioner. She currently works with MinuteClinic, Inc. in Baltimore Maryland and lives in Annapolis Maryland with her husband.

Jennifer received her BSN in 1995 from the University of Pittsburgh and her MSN in 2003 from the University of Maryland. She has worked in many settings and held many titles including Navy Nurse Corps Nurse, Pre-admission Testing Nurse, Middle School Nurse, Adolescent Health Clinic Nurse, Camp Nurse, Undergraduate Nursing Program Clinical Instructor, Clinical Educator, Medical/Surgical Staff Nurse, Cardiac Catheterization Nurse Practitioner, Chest Pain Center Nurse Practitioner, and Retail Health Clinic Nurse Practitioner. Her passion lies in educating her patients about health and wellness and mentoring and teaching her colleagues, nursing students and prospective nursing students about nursing practice.

source : http://www.bestnursingdegree.com/choosing-an-online-program/

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Assessment of respiratory system you need to know

Posted: 05 Jul 2010 06:09 PM PDT

Assessment of respiratory system you need to know

GENERAL ASSESSMENT Respiratory System
Physical Examination – Respiratory Physiology
Pulmonary physical examination based on:
1. Air In Respiratory Equipment
- Percussion: the air in the lung vibrating, noisy
- Noise resonant: the sound of tuk-tuks, the comparison between the air / solid = 1
- It could change because of illness:
- Hipersonor / dim
- Emphysema: hipersonor
- Atelectasis: dim
2. Air current

- In the tracheal: noisy tracheal: front neck
- Major bronchi: noisy bronchial: group should scapula
- Bronkhiolus and Alveolus: vesicularities: first and second front
Noise affects the flow speed.
3. Overhead Line
Respiratory tract? ronkhus? Alviolus.
Refinement on astma-noise increases – wheezing
Rapid currents affect noise

4. Obstacle
Votes issued – the vibration of the vocal cords is channeled through the tracheal, bronchi, lung tissue, pleura, thoracic wall – skin: fremitus.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Consists of: Anamnesis, inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.
1. Anamnesis.
a. The main complaint the illness, other organs, spiritual, who have suffered illness, heredity, Estate, nutrition, environment, drugs are used.
2. Local symptoms
- Cough: Dry
: Wet
: Spastic (non easy to stop).
- Shortness of breath
: Due to other diseases
: Stuffy
: Abnormalities of pulmonary
: Gastric disorders, ascites
- Expenditure Sputum
Properties – properties: liquid viscous, sticky, foamy, discolored, odor, amount and blood
- Chest Pain
- Because abnormalities thoracic wall, mediastinum, in the stomach.
In lung tissue does not cause pain – pleural perietalis aroused.
- Sourced from muscle, subcutis, broken ribs, nerve IC
3. General Symptoms
Temperature, dizziness appetite?, Weakness, cold sweat.
LUNG EXAMINATION
1. Inspection
? Position: sitting, lying
? Directions: front, rear, top
? Form:
- Ptisis (long and flat)
- Thorax: the bird’s chest
- Barrel chest (like a barrel)
- Hollow into
? Symmetry
? Respiratory movement
? N Frekkuensi in adults 18-22 x / minute nature of abdominal / thorakoabdominalis
? Frequency of normal in children 30-40 x / min sifatnmya abdominal / thorakoabdominalis.
? Type of breathing:
- Tachipnea:
Lung / heart no interference
- Bradipnea:
balbiturat poisoning, uremia, coma diabetis, processes in the brain
- Cheyne Stokes:
drug poisoning heart disease, lung, kidney, CNS perdrahan.
- Biot:
meningitis
- Kusmaul:
Alcohol poisoning, drugs, diabetic coma, uremia
- Asymmetry:
Pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural effusion, tumor
- Shallow: emphysema, lung tumors, dipleura fluid, pulmonary consolidation
- Hiperpnea:
deeper, normal speed
- Apneustik:
respiratory center of the lesion.
- The apex of the heart rate:
enlarged heart and lung tumor
- Widening the chest veins:
mediastinal tumor
- The pulse chest / back: koarktasio aorta, the anastomosis.
- Highlighting the local chest beating: aneurysma
2. Palpation
a. Examination of thoracic wall defects
- Pain press.
- Swelling
- Dominant
b. Examination signs – signs of lung disease
- Movement of thoracic wall inspiration and expiratory time
- Symmetry
- The vibration of sound (fremitus vocal):
- Me?: Consolidation of lung, lobaris pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary infarction, atelectasis, etc..
- Me? : Pleural filling with water, blood, pus, bronchus obstructed emphysema.
c. Checking for signs – signs of heart disease and aortic
3. Percussion
a. Percussion is to determine the state of pulmonary
? Normal: resonant percussion sound – dug – dug.
? Very resonant: timpanik trial-trial? Air (pneumothoraks).
? Somewhat menggendang: sub timpanik – building (the pleural cavity contains air)
? more resonant: not subtimpanik = hiperresonan Deng-Deng (emphysema, mild pnemonthoraks)
? less resonant: deg – deg (fibrous)
? Dim: bleg-bleg (solid lung)
? Deaf: like the sound of percussion on the thigh (the pleural cavity full of pus, tumor, fibrosis)
b. Limits Lung
? Above: supraclavicular fossa ka – ki
? Bottom: 6 midklavikularis ribs, eight mid-axillary rib, ribs 10 skapularis. Left lung was higher than on the right.
Me? In children, fibrosis, consolidation, pleural effusion.
Me? On the parents, emphysema, pneumothoraks.
4. Auscultation
a. Breath sound
- Bronchial Trakheo: Normal on tracheal, like blowing pipe pneumonia in patients with thoracic
- Bronkhovesikuler: Normal on bronkhi, above the sternum (3-4) vesicular inspiration, ekpirasi tracheo khus Bron
- Vesicularities: Normal lung tissue voice, inspiration and expiration, is not broken, do not sound the thickening.
b. Vocal resonance
Sound on auscultation when patients say words.
- Me on lobarts pneumonia.
- Me? in the pleural effusion, pleural thickness, pneumothoraks.
5. Additional Voice
a. Ronchi: Voice in because of constriction of the lumen of the bronchi bronchi, narrowing due to swollen mucous membrane, tumors pressing the bronchi, wheezing in asthma there.
c. Krepitasi: As the rain patter – patter
Derived from the bronchi, alveoli, pulmonary cavity containing liquid:
- Smooth: The alveoli are covered beginning with the fingers open
- Coarse: Like the sound when you blow the water
ok … so a bit of a general assessment of the respiratory system, there may be additional? to say if you have any additional assessment Respiratory system

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anatomy and physiology of respiratory system

Posted: 05 Jul 2010 05:04 PM PDT

anatomy and physiology of respiratory system
A. Upper respiratory tract
1. Nose
• Consisting of external and internal parts
• external portion protruding from his face and propped up by the nasal bone and cartilage
• Part-aisle internal nasal cavity which is separated into right and left nasal cavity by a narrow vertical divider, called a septum
• nasal cavity is lined with mucous membranes which contain very many so-called nasal mucosa vasculature
• nasal mucosal surface is covered by the goblet cells secrete mucus continuously and moving backward to the nasopharynx by cilia movement
• The nose serves as a channel for air flow to and from the lungs
• The nose also serves as a filter dirt and moisten and warm air that is inhaled into the lungs
• Nose is also responsible for the olfactory because the olfactory receptors located in the nasal mucosa, and this function is reduced in line with increasing age
2. Pharynx

• pharynx or throat is like a tubal structure that connects the nose and mouth cavities into the larynx
• pharynx is divided into three regions: Nasal (nasopharyngeal), oral (orofaring), and larynx (laringofaring)
• pharyngeal function is to provide a channel on the respiratory and digestive tract

3. Larynx
• Larynx or voice organ is an epithelial structure of the cartilage that connects the pharynx and trachea
• Larynx is often called the voice box and consists of:
- Epiglotis: leaf valve os cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing direction
- Glottis: os between the vocal cords in the larynx
- Thyroid cartilages: the largest cartilage of the trachea, a portion of this form the Adam’s apple cartilage (Adam’s apple)
- Krikoid cartilages: the only complete ring of cartilage in the larynx (located below the thyroid cartilage)
- Cartilages aritenoid: used in the movement of the vocal cords with the thyroid cartilage
- Vocal: ligament, which is controlled by the movement of muscles that produce the sound of the voice (vocal cords attached to the lumen of the larynx)
• The primary function of the larynx is to allow the occurrence of vocalizations
• Larynx also serve to protect the lower airway from foreign body obstruction and facilitate stone

4. Trachea
• Also called windpipe
• The end of the trachea branches into two bronchi called Karina

B. Lower respiratory tract
1. Bronchus
• Divided into right and left bronchus
• Called lobaris right bronchus (three lobes) and the left bronchus lobaris (2 bronchial)
• lobaris right bronchus is divided into 10 segmental bronchus and bronchus lobaris divided into nine left segmental bronchus
• segmentalis bronchus was then divided into subsegmental bronchi are surrounded by connective tissue which has: arterial, lymphatic and nerve
2. Bronchial
• segmental bronchus branching into bronchial
• bronchial submucosal glands mengadung that produce mucus that forms an unbroken sheet to coat the inside of the airway
3. Bronchial terminalis
• bronchial branching forming a bronchial terminalis (which does not have mucus glands and cilia)
4. Respiratory bronchial
• bronchial terminalis later became bronchial Respiratory
• Respiratory bronchial tract is considered as transitional between the conduction airways and airway gas exchange
5. Alveolar ducts and alveolar Sakus
• Respiratory bronchial then leads into the alveolar ducts and alveolar sakus
• And then into the alveoli
6. Alveoli
• Represents the exchange of O2 and CO2
• There are approximately 300 million which, if united to form one sheet will be an area of 70 m2
• Consists of three types:
- The cells of alveolar type I: the epithelial cells that form the walls of the alveoli
- The cells of alveolar type II: a metabolically active cells and secrete surfactant (a phospholipid that lines the inner surface and prevents alveolar collapse in order not)
- Alveolar cells Type III: is the macrophages which are cells fagotosis and worked as a defense mechanism
Lung
• A cone-shaped organ that is elastic
• Located in the chest or thoracic cavity
• Both lungs are separated by the central mediastinum contains the heart and some large blood vessels
• Each has a lung apex and base
• larger right lung and is divided into three lobes by the fissure interlobaris
• the left lung is smaller and is divided into two lobes
• Lobos-lobe is divided into several segments according to segment bronkusnya
Pleural
• A thin layer that contains collagen and elastic tissue
• Divided form the second:
- Ie the parietal pleura lining the chest cavity
- Namely the visceral pleura of each lung
• Among the pleural cavity there is a thin liquid-filled pleural pleural whose function is to facilitate the two surfaces that move during respiration, also to prevent separation of the thorax with lung
• Pressure in the pleural space is lower than atmospheric pressure, this is to prevent lung kolap

Please read this important information
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